using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace FluentValidationExample.Models
{
    public class LoginViewModel
    {
        public string Account { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using FluentValidation;

namespace FluentValidationExample.Models.Validator
{
    public class LoginValidator : AbstractValidator<LoginViewModel>
    {
        public LoginValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(x => x.Account).NotNull().WithMessage("名稱不可為空");
            RuleFor(x => x).Custom((x, c) =>
            {
                if (x.Password == "" || x.Password == null)
                {
                    c.AddFailure("Password", "密碼不可為空");
                }
            });
        }

    }
}

[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Index(LoginViewModel model)
{
    LoginValidator validator = new LoginValidator();
    ValidationResult result = validator.Validate(model);
    if (!result.IsValid)
    {
        foreach (ValidationFailure failer in result.Errors)
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError(failer.PropertyName, failer.ErrorMessage);
        }
    }
    return View();
}

@model FluentValidationExample.Models.LoginViewModel;

<div class="text-center">
    <h1 class="display-4">Welcome</h1>
    <p>Learn about <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/core">building Web apps with ASP.NET Core</a>.</p>
</div>
<div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly"></div>

<form asp-action="Index">
    Account <input asp-for="Account" /> <span asp-validation-for="Account"></span>
    <br />
    Password <input asp-for="Password" /> <span asp-validation-for="Password"></span>
    <br />
    <input type="submit" value="submtit" />
</form>

public IActionResult SignIn()
{
    return PartialView();
}

public IActionResult Hone()
{
    return View();
}

\Views\_ViewStart.cshtml

var query = 
from a in _context.Roles
where a.Id == user.RoleId
select a;

var query = (from a in _context.Users
where a.Account == userAccount
select new
{
    Id = a.Id,
    Account = a.Account,
    RoleId = a.RoleId,
    Name = a.Name,
    Email = a.Email
}).FirstOrDefault()

var query =  _context.Products.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == shipmentOrderDetail.ProductId);

var query = from a in _context.ShipmentOrders
where a.IsDeleted != true
where a.DeliveryDate.Value.Month == DateTime.Now.Month
group a by a.DeliveryDate.Value.Date into g
select new { DeliveryDate = g.Key, Count = g.Count() }

var query = from a in _context.ReturnShipmentOrders
join b in _context.ShipmentOrders
on a.ShipmentOrderId equals b.Id
where a.IsDeleted != true
select new ReturnShipmentOrderViewModel
{
Id = a.Id,
Number = a.Number,
ShipmentOrderNumber = b.Number,
Total = a.Total,
ReturnDate = a.ReturnDate
};

var query = from a in _context.Products
where a.IsDeleted != true
select new ProductIndexViewModel
{
    Id = a.Id,
    Number = a.Number,
    Name = a.Name,
    CurrentUnit = a.CurrentUnit,
    Price = a.Price,
    Description = a.Description,
    Category = (from b in _context.ProductProductCategoryRelationships
                    join c in category
                    on b.ProductCategoryId equals c.Id
                    where b.ProductId == a.Id
                    select new ProductCategory
                    { 
                        Id = c.Id,
                        Name = c.Name
                    }).ToList()
};

var query = (from a in _context.ShipmentOrders
where a.IsDeleted != true
where a.FinishDate.Value.Year == DateTime.Now.Year
select a.Total).Sum()

var query = (int)(from a in _context.Products
where a.IsDeleted != true
select a.Id).Count();

V = IR

const int BUTTON_PIN = 7;  // 按鍵的接腳
const int LED_PIN =  8;   // LED燈的接腳

int buttonState = 0;   // 按鈕的狀態

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);   //設定LED的PIN腳為輸出
  pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT); //設定按鈕的接腳為輸入，因為我們要讀取它的狀態
}

void loop() {
  buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);  //讀取按鍵的狀態
 
  if(buttonState == LOW){          //如果按鍵按了
    Serial.print(buttonState);
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);   //LED就亮了 
  }else{                           //如果按鍵是未按下
    Serial.print(buttonState);
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);    //LED就不亮
  }
}

[HttpPost("GenerateToken")]
[AllowAnonymous]
public ActionResult<string> GenerateToken()
{
    string issuer = "JwtAuthDemo";
    string signKey = "ASASA1@AAASASASASA1@AAASAS"; // 需要大於16字元
    string Account = "TestAccount";
  
    var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signKey));
    var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);

    // 建立 SecurityTokenDescriptor
    var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor
    {
        Issuer = issuer,
        Subject = new ClaimsIdentity(new[]
                {
                  new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, Account), // User.Identity.Name
                  new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()), // JWT ID
                  new Claim("test", "123") // 可加入自訂內容在聲明裡
                }),
        Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(60),
        SigningCredentials = signingCredentials
    };
    var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
    var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor);
    var serializeToken = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken);
    return serializeToken;
}

[Authorize]
[HttpGet("GetClaims")]
public IActionResult GetClaims()
{
    return Ok(User.Claims.Select(p => new { p.Type, p.Value }));
}

[Authorize]
[HttpGet("GetTokenID")]
public IActionResult GetTokenID()
{
    var jti = User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Type == "jti");//每個token的識別值，如果要禁用某token就可以把識別值存到資料庫當黑名單
    return Ok(jti.Value);
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services){
  

  services
  .AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
  .AddJwtBearer(options =>
  {
  // 當驗證失敗時，回應標頭會包含 WWW-Authenticate 標頭，這裡會顯示失敗的詳細錯誤原因
  options.IncludeErrorDetails = true; // 預設值為 true，有時會特別關閉

  options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
  {

    // 一般我們都會驗證 Issuer
    ValidateIssuer = true,
    ValidIssuer = "JwtAuthDemo",

    // 通常不太需要驗證 Audience
    ValidateAudience = false,
    //ValidAudience = "JwtAuthDemo", // 不驗證就不需要填寫

    // 一般我們都會驗證 Token 的有效期間
    ValidateLifetime = true,

    // 如果 Token 中包含 key 才需要驗證，一般都只有簽章而已
    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = false,

    // JWT簽證密要，之後可自行設定在appsettings.json
    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("ASASA1@AAASASASASA1@AAASAS"))
    };
  });

}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IApiVersionDescriptionProvider provider)
{
        app.UseAuthentication(); 
        app.UseAuthorization();

}

V=IR

Rt = 1/(1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+...+1/Rn)

header.payload.signature

{
  "alg": "HS256",
  "typ": "JWT"
}

{
  "loggedInAs": "admin",
  "iat": 1422779638
}

HMAC_SHA256(
  secret,
  base64urlEncoding(header) + '.' +
  base64urlEncoding(payload)
)

const token = base64urlEncoding(header) + '.' + base64urlEncoding(payload) + '.' + base64urlEncoding(signature)

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJsb2dnZWRJbkFzIjoiYWRtaW4iLCJpYXQiOjE0MjI3Nzk2Mzh9.gzSraSYS8EXBxLN_oWnFSRgCzcmJmMjLiuyu5CSpyHI

Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJsb2dnZWRJbkFzIjoiYWRtaW4iLCJpYXQiOjE0MjI3Nzk2Mzh9.gzSraSYS8EXBxLN_oWnFSRgCzcmJmMjLiuyu5CSpyHI

{
  "access_token":"l0XG52TQx",    //Token
  "refresh_token":"KWI3JOkFA",   //Refresh Token
  "expires_in":3600              //幾秒過期
}

namespace ApiVersioningSample
{
    using System;
    using System.Linq;

    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
    using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;

    using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerGen;

    /// <summary>
    /// Configures the Swagger generation options.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// This allows API versioning to define a Swagger document per API version after the
    /// <see cref="IApiVersionDescriptionProvider" /> service has been resolved from the service container.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>Taken from https://github.com/microsoft/aspnet-api-versioning.</para>
    /// </remarks>
    public class ConfigureSwaggerOptions : IConfigureOptions<SwaggerGenOptions>
    {
        #region member vars

        private readonly IApiVersionDescriptionProvider _provider;

        #endregion

        #region constructors and destructors

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ConfigureSwaggerOptions" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="provider">
        /// The <see cref="IApiVersionDescriptionProvider">provider</see> used to generate Swagger
        /// documents.
        /// </param>
        public ConfigureSwaggerOptions(IApiVersionDescriptionProvider provider)
        {
            _provider = provider;
        }

        #endregion

        #region explicit interfaces

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void Configure(SwaggerGenOptions options)
        {
            // add a swagger document for each discovered API version
            // note: you might choose to skip or document deprecated API versions differently
            foreach (var description in _provider.ApiVersionDescriptions)
            {
                options.SwaggerDoc(description.GroupName, CreateInfoForApiVersion(description));
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Internal implementation for building the Swagger basic config.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="description">The description object containing the.</param>
        /// <returns>The generated Open API info.</returns>
        private static OpenApiInfo CreateInfoForApiVersion(ApiVersionDescription description)
        {
            var info = new OpenApiInfo
            {
                Title = "Sample API",
                Version = description.ApiVersion.ToString(),
                Description = @"<p>Sample API with versioning including Swagger.</p><p>Partly taken from <a href=""https://github.com/microsoft/aspnet-api-versioning"">this repository</a>.</p>",
                Contact = new OpenApiContact
                {
                    Name = "Yu Hsiang",
                }
            };
            if (description.IsDeprecated)
            {
                info.Description += @"<p><strong><span style=""color:white;background-color:red"">VERSION IS DEPRECATED</span></strong></p>";
            }
            return info;
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using TodoAPI.Models;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerGen;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using ApiVersioningSample;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer;

namespace TodoAPI
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllers();
            // 資料庫配置
            var connection = @"Server=.\SQLExpress;Database=TodoDB;Trusted_Connection=True;ConnectRetryCount=0";
            services.AddDbContext<TodoDBContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connection));

            // 啟用API版控功能
            services.AddApiVersioning(
              options =>
              {
                    // reporting api versions will return the headers "api-supported-versions" and "api-deprecated-versions"
                    options.ReportApiVersions = true;
              });

            // swagger 配置
            services.AddVersionedApiExplorer(
                options =>
                {
                    // add the versioned api explorer, which also adds IApiVersionDescriptionProvider service
                    // note: the specified format code will format the version as "'v'major[.minor][-status]"
                    options.GroupNameFormat = "'v'VVV";
                    // note: this option is only necessary when versioning by url segment. the SubstitutionFormat
                    // can also be used to control the format of the API version in route templates
                    options.SubstituteApiVersionInUrl = true;
                });
            services.AddTransient<IConfigureOptions<SwaggerGenOptions>, ConfigureSwaggerOptions>();
            services.AddSwaggerGen();


        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IApiVersionDescriptionProvider provider)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthorization();
            
            // swagger 配置
            app.UseSwagger();
            app.UseSwaggerUI(
                options =>
                {
                    // build a swagger endpoint for each discovered API version
                    foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions)
                    {
                        options.SwaggerEndpoint($"/swagger/{description.GroupName}/swagger.json", description.GroupName.ToUpperInvariant());
                    }
                });


            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();

            });


        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace TodoAPI.Controllers.V1_1
{
    [ApiVersion("1.1")]
    [Route("api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class VersionController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "api v1.1" };
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace TodoAPI.Controllers.V1_1
{
    [ApiVersion("1.1")]
    [Route("api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class VersionController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "api v1.1" };
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace TodoAPI.Controllers.V2_0
{
    [ApiVersion("2.0")]
    [Route("api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class VersionController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "api v2.0" };
        }
    }
}